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The historic trip around the moon at distances no humans have ever gone before was one of several goals for Artemis II. Here’s a closer look at the overall mission.
HOUSTON — The crew of the Artemis II mission made history Monday, traveling the farthest distance from Earth that any humans have ever gone before during their trip around the moon, but what they have been learning along the way is paving the way for the future of space exploration.
As the Orion spacecraft begins to make its way back to Earth, exiting the lunar sphere of influence on Tuesday, the crew of four astronauts will debrief with scientists and researchers at NASA about what they witnessed. They’ll also get a chance to rest, “largely off-duty,” after their busy but exciting day Monday.
The lunar flyby is only part of the overall goal for the Artemis II mission. In fact, all the hubbub about troubleshooting the space toilet actually speaks to the larger goals of the mission.
The primary focus of the Artemis II voyage is a crewed test flight in lunar space, according to NASA. The astronauts are testing new technologies and operations, documenting what works and what doesn’t, in an effort to ensure the success of future missions.
“The Artemis II test flight will confirm the systems necessary to support astronauts in deep space exploration and prepare to establish a sustained presence on the moon,” the space agency explained.
The flyby voyage fits within the overall vision for Artemis and NASA, which aims not only to return humans to the moon within two years but also to build a permanent lunar base and eventually go to Mars.
Here are the additional priorities of the Artemis II mission, according to NASA, and a look at the crew’s plan for the days ahead.
Crew: The crew of four astronauts will test and use systems and teams to support the flight crew and flight environment throughout the entirety of the mission.
Systems: The mission is a test of systems and operations that are essential to a crewed mission. This includes ground systems and hardware in space, as well as the overall operations of the launch, flight, and recovery.
Hardware and data: This will help scientists assess performance for future missions.
Emergency operations: These demonstrations test capabilities and limitations to ensure the team is prepared to handle an emergency situation, including rescue.
Data and subsystems: This goal is open-ended but highly technical and aims to complete objectives that “verify subsystems and validate data.”
“The unique Artemis II mission profile builds on the uncrewed Artemis I flight test by demonstrating a broad range of SLS (Space Launch System) and Orion capabilities needed on deep space missions,” NASA said of the mission on an FAQ page. “This mission will verify Orion’s life support systems can sustain astronauts on longer-duration missions ahead and allow the crew to practice operations essential to Artemis III and beyond.”
On Wednesday, during their return voyage to Earth, the crew will conduct two Orion demonstrations to assess their ability to protect against high radiation events, such as solar flares, and test the spacecraft’s manual piloting capability.
On Thursday, the crew will ramp up preparations for the return to Earth work through their task list—which brings us back to the space toilet. They will also be assessing possible physical changes to their bodies.
When does Artemis 2 return to Earth?
Finally, the crew will re-enter the Earth’s atmosphere before splashing down on Friday. They aim to land in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of southern California, where the team will be picked up by personnel waiting on their safe arrival.
They are currently estimated to land at 8:07 p.m. EDT on Friday, April 10.
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